The English Square
Anti Modern Slavery Statement
The English Square LLC believes businesses have a central role to play in respect for human rights, combating modern slavery and human trafficking. We prohibit and have zero tolerance for all forms of modern slavery, human trafficking, endorsing, promoting and/or showcasing commercial sex services in covert, overt, direct or indirect forms, and child labor exploitation throughout our organization, operations, and associations.
As global citizens, every person has the social responsibility to protect and foster a healthy society. Both men and women have the responsibility of determining "what kind of society we want our daughters and sons to grow up in" (Hughes, D.M., 2005). As Marit Kvamme expresses, the "sale of the female body is contradictory to an equal society". Under the suppression of slavery (whether physical or psychological), women should not have to sell their bodies for money and men should not be taught to buy such bodies.
Within the context of US law, sex trafficking is distinctly defined with the coexistence of three key properties: action, purpose, and means. Sex trafficking operations engage in the action of commercial recruiting, harbouring, transporting, and/or the provision of individuals for the purpose of involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery involving commercial sex services by means of force, fraud or coercion (Brotherton & Manirakiza 2019). The action of such operations extends to include "enticing, obtaining, advertising, maintaining, patronizing, or soliciting" (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act 2000). An individual is considered a victim of sex trafficking even if the victim consented to engage in commercial sex (Anchan, C., 2016) but was lured in to the trade by the action, for the purpose of, and through the means as denoted in the definition of sex trafficking.
At its core, coercion is understood as a form of power (McCloskey, H.J., 1980). The American Psychological Association describes coercion as "the process of attempting to influence another person through the use of threats, punishment, force, direct pressure, and other negative forms of power" (American Psychological Association 2022). Although not all forms of power are coercion, to coerce is to exhort power over another individual. The exertion of this kind of power can be exercised by pressure, force, manipulation, or social pressure in an interpersonal or group context, or through propaganda (McCloskey, H.J., 1980). Rhetoric can be used to lead an individual astray through corrupt persuasion which is considered manipulation. Tools that are used to coerce an individual include behaviour modification devices, the use of drugs, hypnosis, brain-washing with techniques such as charisma employed.
Although men are also affected by human trafficking, a far greater number of victims are women and children (Riegler 2007). Historically, women and children have been vulnerable to violence and exploitation (Fox 2002). In 2016, "women and girls accounted for 71 percent of modern slavery victims" (ILO and Walk Free Foundation 2017) globally. More specifically, reports demonstrate that globally 99.4 percent of victims of forced sexual exploitation were women and 78.7 percent were adults (Ibid.).
In order to combat the social issue of sex trafficking, authorities need to devise methods of identifying deceptive recruitment strategies in online platforms. In 2020, the UN Office of Drugs and Crime reported that over 50 percent of sex trafficking victims cited the place of initial contact with a sex trafficker as a deceptive job advertisement (Ramchandani, Bastani & Wyatt 2021). "If an entity recruits victims through non-sex offers (e.g., purportedly for modeling or massage) and is also involved in commercial sex sales, then this is an informative indicator that trafficking may have occurred" (Ibid.). In Sweden, authorities have a manual for identifying and investigating pimps and traffickers where officers have learned how exploiters advertise and act quickly (Hughes 2005).
Essentially, the cause of sex trafficking can be condensed into four environmental factors: buyers, exploiters, the state, and culture. The buyers of sex acts are mostly men in search of "sex without relationship responsibilities" (Hughes 2005) where the context allows for them to have control by means of humiliating, degrading, or hurting women or children (Ibid.). Such men have also been identified as those seeking the excitement that buying a woman for a period of time brings or those seeking sex acts that their wives will not perform (Ibid.). Exploiters play a central role in the illegal commercial sex trade, acting as a connecting point which makes a supply of women available to male buyers (Ibid.). Their criminal business model is based on sexual exploitation of women that they manage. A portion of the profits from the sale of sex or sex acts are kept by the exploiters (Ibid.). Sex trafficking exploiters operate within organized crime networks where it is not uncommon for corrupt crime officials to be involved as well (Ibid.). Secondary profiteers such as hotels, restaurants, newspapers, influencer sponsors, entertainment companies, media outlets, websites, and transportation services also benefit from the illegal commercial sex industry (Ibid.). Pressure is exerted on law makers by exploiters through power and influence in order to allow commercial sex operations to operate legally with the continuation of recruiting and using women as a source of supply for profit (Ibid.). This is often done through popular culture - including through films and music - which plays an influential role in "normalizing prostitution by portraying prostitution as glamorous, empowering, or a fast, easy way to make money" (Ibid.).
Language data such as euphemisms, coded terms, and ambiguity are relevant sources for investigating sex trafficking operations as these are tactics of deception used to advertise openly (Hughes 2005). The use of these seemingly transparent yet sophisticated deceptive tactics of open advertising makes it less likely for people to suspect that women and girls are being coerced into the illegal sex trade. Traffickers also use open advertisements online to appeal to buyers of sexual services, which has contributed to a significant increase in demand and the normalization of sexual services. In 1989, there were only 30 pages advertising "escort services" in Las Vegas whereas in 2004, there were 120 pages of advertisements for sexual services entitled "entertainment services" in the yellow pages telephone book (Ibid.).
The interdependent dynamic between exploiters and sex trafficking victims contributes to the complexity of identifying and prosecuting sex traffickers (Pomerantz et al. 2021). Exploiters are often viewed by their victims as supportive as they fulfill a protective role (Hughes 2005). Sex traffickers use implicit tactics of abuse which are "crucial to the cultivation and longevity" (Pomerantz et al. 2021) of commercial sexual exploitation. Explicit forms of control would be more detectable to law enforcement which would place sex traffickers at a higher risk and lead to a less sustainable business practice (Ibid.). The use of intentional deceit, misrepresentation, or existing vulnerabilities are employed by sex traffickers to "induce compliance and/or alter the target's perception" (Ibid.). The abusive relationship between a victim and their exploiter presents a power imbalance where discourse analyses show speech acts of agreeance, submission, and obedience by victims as a response to coercive control (Ibid.). Victims commonly experience confusion as to whether they chose to engage in commercial sex acts or they were sex trafficked (Kim 2011). This conflicted perception about their own agency "confers a sense of futility to their contemplated attempts to communicate the abuse to legal authorities" (Pomerantz et al. 2021).
The process of discovering useful hidden patterns in data through a computational linguistic analysis is carried out in steps. Text mining is the practice of obtaining relevant information from text (Allahyari et al. 2017). Various practices can be used to accomplish this: information retrieval, information extraction, and clustering. Clustering refers to the task of segmenting a collection of data into parts where data in the same group or cluster are more similar to each other than those in other clusters (Ibid.). An advertisement cluster that has a high frequency suggests an organized recruitment operation. The use of derivative mathematical equations and statistics over a large data set may present more accurate and predictive models for recruitment strategies.
Coercive control is an invisible identifying factor of sex trafficking which presents itself in related practices of manipulation and exploitation. The goal of this form of abusive control is to deny, challenge, and limit a victim's liberty, autonomy, and equality (Pomerantz et al. 2021). Distinguishing coercive control from "free-will" or "empowerment" and measuring it requires an understanding of the psychological mechanics of manipulation (Hopper, E. and Hidalgo, J., 2006). Reflexive conditioning is exercised through instilling fear, the deprivation of social support, degrading, diminishing one's sense of self-worth, and controlling financial activity (Pomerantz et al. 2021).
The denotation of sex trafficking according to the United States government is disjointed in some aspects to the classification of sex trafficking by non-profit organizations such as Polaris (Anthony, Kimball & Jakiel 2017) and other societal role players. Relying on eighteenth century practices of slavery (Haag 1987), the definition of sex trafficking in the United States has not sufficiently adapted to acknowledge the sophisticated psychological enslavement that traps young women into sex trafficking schemes through psychological coercion and a psychological form of involuntary servitude (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000).
Research has recommended that the Mussry test is used to prove involuntary servitude (Cook 1984). This test uses three metrics for determining if involuntary servitude can be detected from a case and has proven to be the most effective reasoning method for analysing choice and inflictions on the human will by psychologically cornering individuals into a situation of involuntary servitude (Ibid.).
As Aristotle explains, rhetoric can work the greatest blessing but wrongly employed it works the greatest harm.
This statement falls in alignment with the founding documents of the United States of America and its mission to "end tolerance for the illegal sex trade, including open advertising of criminal activity, such as escort services, massage parlors, spas, etc, which are well known fronts for prostitution" (Hughes 2005).
This Anti Modern Slavery Statement is of course copyrighted.
As global citizens, every person has the social responsibility to protect and foster a healthy society. Both men and women have the responsibility of determining "what kind of society we want our daughters and sons to grow up in" (Hughes, D.M., 2005). As Marit Kvamme expresses, the "sale of the female body is contradictory to an equal society". Under the suppression of slavery (whether physical or psychological), women should not have to sell their bodies for money and men should not be taught to buy such bodies.
Within the context of US law, sex trafficking is distinctly defined with the coexistence of three key properties: action, purpose, and means. Sex trafficking operations engage in the action of commercial recruiting, harbouring, transporting, and/or the provision of individuals for the purpose of involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery involving commercial sex services by means of force, fraud or coercion (Brotherton & Manirakiza 2019). The action of such operations extends to include "enticing, obtaining, advertising, maintaining, patronizing, or soliciting" (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act 2000). An individual is considered a victim of sex trafficking even if the victim consented to engage in commercial sex (Anchan, C., 2016) but was lured in to the trade by the action, for the purpose of, and through the means as denoted in the definition of sex trafficking.
At its core, coercion is understood as a form of power (McCloskey, H.J., 1980). The American Psychological Association describes coercion as "the process of attempting to influence another person through the use of threats, punishment, force, direct pressure, and other negative forms of power" (American Psychological Association 2022). Although not all forms of power are coercion, to coerce is to exhort power over another individual. The exertion of this kind of power can be exercised by pressure, force, manipulation, or social pressure in an interpersonal or group context, or through propaganda (McCloskey, H.J., 1980). Rhetoric can be used to lead an individual astray through corrupt persuasion which is considered manipulation. Tools that are used to coerce an individual include behaviour modification devices, the use of drugs, hypnosis, brain-washing with techniques such as charisma employed.
Although men are also affected by human trafficking, a far greater number of victims are women and children (Riegler 2007). Historically, women and children have been vulnerable to violence and exploitation (Fox 2002). In 2016, "women and girls accounted for 71 percent of modern slavery victims" (ILO and Walk Free Foundation 2017) globally. More specifically, reports demonstrate that globally 99.4 percent of victims of forced sexual exploitation were women and 78.7 percent were adults (Ibid.).
In order to combat the social issue of sex trafficking, authorities need to devise methods of identifying deceptive recruitment strategies in online platforms. In 2020, the UN Office of Drugs and Crime reported that over 50 percent of sex trafficking victims cited the place of initial contact with a sex trafficker as a deceptive job advertisement (Ramchandani, Bastani & Wyatt 2021). "If an entity recruits victims through non-sex offers (e.g., purportedly for modeling or massage) and is also involved in commercial sex sales, then this is an informative indicator that trafficking may have occurred" (Ibid.). In Sweden, authorities have a manual for identifying and investigating pimps and traffickers where officers have learned how exploiters advertise and act quickly (Hughes 2005).
Essentially, the cause of sex trafficking can be condensed into four environmental factors: buyers, exploiters, the state, and culture. The buyers of sex acts are mostly men in search of "sex without relationship responsibilities" (Hughes 2005) where the context allows for them to have control by means of humiliating, degrading, or hurting women or children (Ibid.). Such men have also been identified as those seeking the excitement that buying a woman for a period of time brings or those seeking sex acts that their wives will not perform (Ibid.). Exploiters play a central role in the illegal commercial sex trade, acting as a connecting point which makes a supply of women available to male buyers (Ibid.). Their criminal business model is based on sexual exploitation of women that they manage. A portion of the profits from the sale of sex or sex acts are kept by the exploiters (Ibid.). Sex trafficking exploiters operate within organized crime networks where it is not uncommon for corrupt crime officials to be involved as well (Ibid.). Secondary profiteers such as hotels, restaurants, newspapers, influencer sponsors, entertainment companies, media outlets, websites, and transportation services also benefit from the illegal commercial sex industry (Ibid.). Pressure is exerted on law makers by exploiters through power and influence in order to allow commercial sex operations to operate legally with the continuation of recruiting and using women as a source of supply for profit (Ibid.). This is often done through popular culture - including through films and music - which plays an influential role in "normalizing prostitution by portraying prostitution as glamorous, empowering, or a fast, easy way to make money" (Ibid.).
Language data such as euphemisms, coded terms, and ambiguity are relevant sources for investigating sex trafficking operations as these are tactics of deception used to advertise openly (Hughes 2005). The use of these seemingly transparent yet sophisticated deceptive tactics of open advertising makes it less likely for people to suspect that women and girls are being coerced into the illegal sex trade. Traffickers also use open advertisements online to appeal to buyers of sexual services, which has contributed to a significant increase in demand and the normalization of sexual services. In 1989, there were only 30 pages advertising "escort services" in Las Vegas whereas in 2004, there were 120 pages of advertisements for sexual services entitled "entertainment services" in the yellow pages telephone book (Ibid.).
The interdependent dynamic between exploiters and sex trafficking victims contributes to the complexity of identifying and prosecuting sex traffickers (Pomerantz et al. 2021). Exploiters are often viewed by their victims as supportive as they fulfill a protective role (Hughes 2005). Sex traffickers use implicit tactics of abuse which are "crucial to the cultivation and longevity" (Pomerantz et al. 2021) of commercial sexual exploitation. Explicit forms of control would be more detectable to law enforcement which would place sex traffickers at a higher risk and lead to a less sustainable business practice (Ibid.). The use of intentional deceit, misrepresentation, or existing vulnerabilities are employed by sex traffickers to "induce compliance and/or alter the target's perception" (Ibid.). The abusive relationship between a victim and their exploiter presents a power imbalance where discourse analyses show speech acts of agreeance, submission, and obedience by victims as a response to coercive control (Ibid.). Victims commonly experience confusion as to whether they chose to engage in commercial sex acts or they were sex trafficked (Kim 2011). This conflicted perception about their own agency "confers a sense of futility to their contemplated attempts to communicate the abuse to legal authorities" (Pomerantz et al. 2021).
The process of discovering useful hidden patterns in data through a computational linguistic analysis is carried out in steps. Text mining is the practice of obtaining relevant information from text (Allahyari et al. 2017). Various practices can be used to accomplish this: information retrieval, information extraction, and clustering. Clustering refers to the task of segmenting a collection of data into parts where data in the same group or cluster are more similar to each other than those in other clusters (Ibid.). An advertisement cluster that has a high frequency suggests an organized recruitment operation. The use of derivative mathematical equations and statistics over a large data set may present more accurate and predictive models for recruitment strategies.
Coercive control is an invisible identifying factor of sex trafficking which presents itself in related practices of manipulation and exploitation. The goal of this form of abusive control is to deny, challenge, and limit a victim's liberty, autonomy, and equality (Pomerantz et al. 2021). Distinguishing coercive control from "free-will" or "empowerment" and measuring it requires an understanding of the psychological mechanics of manipulation (Hopper, E. and Hidalgo, J., 2006). Reflexive conditioning is exercised through instilling fear, the deprivation of social support, degrading, diminishing one's sense of self-worth, and controlling financial activity (Pomerantz et al. 2021).
The denotation of sex trafficking according to the United States government is disjointed in some aspects to the classification of sex trafficking by non-profit organizations such as Polaris (Anthony, Kimball & Jakiel 2017) and other societal role players. Relying on eighteenth century practices of slavery (Haag 1987), the definition of sex trafficking in the United States has not sufficiently adapted to acknowledge the sophisticated psychological enslavement that traps young women into sex trafficking schemes through psychological coercion and a psychological form of involuntary servitude (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000).
Research has recommended that the Mussry test is used to prove involuntary servitude (Cook 1984). This test uses three metrics for determining if involuntary servitude can be detected from a case and has proven to be the most effective reasoning method for analysing choice and inflictions on the human will by psychologically cornering individuals into a situation of involuntary servitude (Ibid.).
As Aristotle explains, rhetoric can work the greatest blessing but wrongly employed it works the greatest harm.
This statement falls in alignment with the founding documents of the United States of America and its mission to "end tolerance for the illegal sex trade, including open advertising of criminal activity, such as escort services, massage parlors, spas, etc, which are well known fronts for prostitution" (Hughes 2005).
This Anti Modern Slavery Statement is of course copyrighted.
If you want to copy text or use a fragment of it please email support@theenglishsquare.com.
The United States of America adopts a strong stance against slavery which is deeply rooted in its history. The Declaration of Independence (US 1772) acknowledges the "inherent dignity and worth of all people" (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000) and expresses that "all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights" (Ibid.). Freedom from slavery is considered a fundamental right in the founding documents of United States law. Slavery was outlawed in the United States in 1865 where such practices were considered the workings of "evil institutions" (Ibid.) and were to be abolished. Current practices of sexual slavery and trafficking of women and children are similarly "abhorrent to the principles upon which the United States was founded" (Ibid.).
"The court concluded that where the service of one person was exacted by control of another, whatever the means by which the control was established, the former person was held in involuntary servitude. Thus, the court chose to focus on the condition of involuntary servitude rather than on the means by which the condition was established. The court intended thereby to formulate a test that encompassed all modern conditions of involuntary servitude" (Cook, J.M 1984).
Read:
Cook, J.M., 1984. Involuntary Servitude: Modern Conditions Addressed in United States v. Mussry. Cath. UL Rev., 34, pp.153-179.
The English Square will continue to contribute to fighting cybercrime, keyword stuffing, and corruption within ethical frameworks.
Stay educated and take the right action:
Report Human Trafficking | Homeland Security
Department of Justice | Homepage | United States Department of JusticeThe United States of America adopts a strong stance against slavery which is deeply rooted in its history. The Declaration of Independence (US 1772) acknowledges the "inherent dignity and worth of all people" (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000) and expresses that "all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights" (Ibid.). Freedom from slavery is considered a fundamental right in the founding documents of United States law. Slavery was outlawed in the United States in 1865 where such practices were considered the workings of "evil institutions" (Ibid.) and were to be abolished. Current practices of sexual slavery and trafficking of women and children are similarly "abhorrent to the principles upon which the United States was founded" (Ibid.).
"The court concluded that where the service of one person was exacted by control of another, whatever the means by which the control was established, the former person was held in involuntary servitude. Thus, the court chose to focus on the condition of involuntary servitude rather than on the means by which the condition was established. The court intended thereby to formulate a test that encompassed all modern conditions of involuntary servitude" (Cook, J.M 1984).
Read:
Cook, J.M., 1984. Involuntary Servitude: Modern Conditions Addressed in United States v. Mussry. Cath. UL Rev., 34, pp.153-179.
The English Square will continue to contribute to fighting cybercrime, keyword stuffing, and corruption within ethical frameworks.
Stay educated and take the right action:
Report Human Trafficking | Homeland Security
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